Discover the expert in you.
Discover the expert in you.
Silicon is a hard, glassy element. A silicon chip is a miniaturized circuit etched onto a thin wafer of pure silicon. Silicon chips can contain hundreds of millions of components per square millimeter. As well as being far smaller, silicon chips are much cheaper to produce than circuits made up of discrete components. They outperform ordinary circuits in speed and power consumption. Silicon chips are also called microchips, integrated circuits, ICs or chips.
At any given moment, there are more than 100,000 solar spicules leaping from the sun. These supersonic jets of plasma, or superheated gas, appear in the sun's atmosphere, called the corona. Spicules can sometimes be seen in solar pictures as dark gusts or tubes along the sun's corona. They are not visible to the naked eye.
The conversion of methane into hydrogen is of great concern to the petroleum industry. During the recovery of crude oil from the ground, methane gas evolves during the recovery process. Its low vapor pressure causes it to vaporize upon reaching atmospheric pressure. Many countries have recently changed their policy on its handling. Their agreements with oil companies state that to recover the crude oil, the company must also take the methane that comes with it. Application of a two-stage process recovers hydrogen from the methane and discharges carbon dioxide. The process utilizes a two-stage solid catalyzed reactor.
The Earth is approximately 7,900 miles in diameter, and is comprised of three major layers: core, mantle and crust. Of the three layers, the crust is the thinnest, with an average thickness of 15 to 18 miles. The crust and the uppermost, solid part of the mantle combine to form a rigid layer of rock called the lithosphere, which is broken into many pieces called oceanic or continental plates. Areas where plate edges meet are called plate boundaries. In geology, plate boundaries are where the real action happens.
Iron sulfide is a metallic mineral comprised of one atom of iron bonded to two atoms of sulfur. It is better known as iron pyrite or fool's gold because of its yellow color and substantial weight. It is a very common mineral, found worldwide in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, occurring in different forms and varieties.
Water is made up of the elements oxygen and hydrogen. It makes up more than 70 percent of the earth's surface and 97 percent of that is salt water, 2 percent is glacier ice and less than 1 percent is fresh water for drinking and other daily uses. The recommended daily water requirement for sanitation, bathing, cooking and consumption is 50 liters per person, per day.
When wood burns, a chemical reaction takes place. Understanding this process will help students explain the results of combustion and apply basic concepts of chemistry and physics. There is a reason that wood burns hot and leaves a black residue, also called ash or soot.
Water forms when atoms of oxygen bond with atoms of hydrogen. The formula for water, H2O, indicates that a molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The process of electrolysis, passing an electric current through water, breaks the bonds between the atoms and releases both oxygen and hydrogen as gases. Using electrolysis to find oxygen in water requires only a basic understanding of electronics and no previous knowledge of chemistry. Anyone with the ability to follow simple instructions can split water into its basic components.
Germanium is a basic element that is found in the periodic table and is symbolized by "Ge." Its atomic number is 32. Germanium is a semi-metallic element and is very brittle. It is used in glass lenses, fluorescent lights, electronics and in many alloys. An alloy is a mixture of two or more metallic elements. Purifying germanium involves selective absorption, partial condensation, freezing, phase separation and adsorption of impurities, according to research scientist Mathias Tezock of Carstens & Cahoo. Carbon dioxide is removed, as is water. This results in a purified element.
The universe is made up of many elements, hydrogen being a highly important one, if not the most important, as it is found just about everywhere. It was discovered to be an individual substance in 1776 and its name is composed of the Greek words for water and forming, since it is the major element found in water.
An electrostatic water generator uses charged droplets of water to drip an opposite charge into an already electrically charged metal cup (employing two cups total, one positive and one negative). As the charged water builds up in both cups, electricity sparks sharply between them. Invented by Lord Kelvin in 1867, according to MPower UK, this simple machine can be built at home under adult supervision. You can show your children and students how lightning forms and how electricity travels.
The liquid we know as water consists of the molecules of two common gases, oxygen and hydrogen. One molecule of water contains a single atom of oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. Passing an electrical current through a water molecule splits the molecule back into its component gases. Scientists call this process "electrolysis." Splitting water molecules requires a few common household articles, a source of water and a low-power battery.
Under the right conditions, two atoms of hydrogen bond with a single atom of oxygen to produce a water molecule. You can prove this with an experiment to split water back into oxygen and hydrogen. The entire process can be accomplished using little more than a battery, a few common household items and a bowl of water. The scientific term for this procedure is the "electrolysis of water."
Pure water is a liquid made from two gases. One atom of oxygen bonds to two atoms of hydrogen to create a molecule of water. The bond can be reversed through a process called electrolysis. Passing an electric current through the water breaks the bonds between the gases and returns the oxygen and hydrogen to a gaseous state. Building a do-it-yourself hydrogen generator requires only basic electrical skills and access to a few readily available household items.
The concept of using hydrogen for energy is not new. In the early thirties, hydrogen powered some of the dirigibles (blimps) that carried people over oceans and continents. A hydrogen generator is an easy construct: However, keeping and storing the hydrogen generated is a different matter entirely. When ordinary water comes into contact with an electrical current, the hydrogen molecules separate from the basic two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen formula. These separated molecules form a lighter than air gas that bubbles up through the water. Since hydrogen is combustible, this process has been used to create water powered…
Pure water consists of atoms of oxygen and hydrogen bonded to each other, with each oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The bonds can be broken down by passing an electric current through liquid water, splitting it back into its gaseous components. Building a small mineral water hydrogen generator requires basic electronic skills and a few easily sourced items readily found at home and in hardware stores.
The basic components of water are hydrogen and oxygen. Combine them, and you get water and energy from the reaction. By applying energy to water the reaction is reversed to break down the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. According to Georgia State University, the electrolysis of water demonstrates the First Law of Thermodynamics in that the energy used creating water or separating water is the same. Demonstrate the electrolysis of water by building a simple hydrogen-generating cell. This project is a good method of teaching how electrolysis works.
Hydrogen is used as a coolant in many turbogenerators. Generators produce a tremendous amount of heat, and the inner workings must be constantly cooled in order to avoid damage. Generators can be cooled using air, hydrogen, or water; hydrogen is the most efficient coolant, according to control.com
When you combine a fuel cell and a hydrogen generator, you get a system that creates its own hydrogen fuel to generate electricity. Add a power conditioner to change the DC power created by the fuel cell into AC power, and you have a complete power station.
As hydrogen becomes more and more viable as a fuel source, creating one's own hydrogen supply may be something all people need to know before long. Creating hydrogen gas from little more than water and components readily available in nearly any house is actually quite easy. With a little physics and chemistry understanding, this elementary task can provide a lot of enjoyment as an experiment to do with your kids or even in a classroom.
Hydrogen is a flammable gas that can be easily produced from water. When burned, it produces pure water, making hydrogen an environmentally friendly fuel. Once hydrogen gas is produced, it can be compressed and stored in a gas cylinder until it is used. Using electricity from photovoltaic cells and electrolysis to produce hydrogen gas, a complete energy system can be set up to provide electricity and heat for a home with minimal energy from the outside.
Hydrogen generators are excellent sources of fuel that produce no harmful byproducts and are easy to construct at home using materials readily available at any local hardware store. A hydrogen generator uses a series of electrodes submerged in a solution of water and a catalyst to ionize the water. As the water becomes ionized, water molecules split apart and re-form into hydrogen gas and water. The hydrogen gas formed in this way can be injected into a fuel system and used for combustion.
Diatomic hydrogen gas (H2) has been an integral part of industrial chemistry, petrochemical engineering and scientific research for well more than a century. Several efficient techniques for generating hydrogen gas currently exist; the preferred technique ultimately depends on the volume of gas desired, the industry and the resources available to the chemist/engineer.
Infamous for its tell-tale "rotten egg" smell, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is responsible for the foul odors of natural gas wells, volcanoes and some animal flatulence. From a commercial perspective, hydrogen sulfide is most useful for its role in the production of elemental sulfur (S8). Most commonly, hydrogen sulfide is collected either by separating it from natural gas or harvesting it from an industrial chamber filled with sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Hydrogen generators don't actually produce hydrogen, as that would be incredibly unsafe. Instead, they produce hydroxy (HHO), which is a stable but combustible molecule consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Hydroxy is a gas produced when water molecules split apart and recombine due to ionization. HHO is a very efficient source of combustible energy. Best of all, the only byproduct of the entire process is water. Hydrogen generators are simple to build and you can construct them from household materials without any special tools or knowledge.
Hydrogen is a combustible gas that combines with oxygen to form water. Hydrogen generator cells pull hydrogen out of water using a process known as electrolysis, which involves running a small electrical current through the water. The gases formed are hydrogen and oxygen, and when they are not separated from each other, they are called Brown's gases. Creating a small hydrogen fuel cell is a fascinating experiment and great for helping kids learn about chemistry.
Arc welding features three kinds of electrodes: non-consumable ("TIG welding"), consumable wire ("MIG/MAG welding") and consumable flux-cored rod ("stick welding"). While the production methods for each type of electrode fall within the familiar scope of traditional metallurgy, novel developments involving rare elements add further layers of technical sophistication to the production of certain high-end varieties.
Hydrogen is a part of almost all biological matter on earth, and present in many different compounds. The hydrogen bonds, or the way hydrogen atoms bond to other substances between molecules, are responsible for a large number of the known chemical compounds. In solids, these same bonds leads to particular crystalline shapes, often based on hydrogen's natural hexagonal design when solid.
A hydrogen generator is something which is completely different from a hydrogen fuel cell. In a fuel cell, hydrogen gas is pressurized and stored on board a vehicle to be used as a fuel to create electrical current. A hydrogen generator on the other hand is what's used to convert an internal combustion engine into a clean burning, hydrogen engine. A hydrogen generator is an on board mechanism that will harvest hydrogen from water and feed that hydrogen into the engine to be burned. The water should be purified and distilled for the best results.
The chromosphere is one of the outer layers of the sun. It is directly above the photosphere, which is the layer that we see. The chromosphere gets its name from its color, which is a deep red. Helium was discovered through viewing the chromosphere emission lines during a solar eclipse in 1868.
The Hindenburg disaster of 1937, when the airship was destroyed while attempting to land at Lakehurst, New Jersey, was caused by burning aluminum, but hydrogen added fuel to the fire. This catastrophe put an end to passenger travel using the giant airships. When anything burns, chemists say it is undergoing "rapid oxidation." That is, it is combining with oxygen in such a way that it gives off considerable energy as heat, and forms a chemical called an oxide. Burning zinc, for instance, forms zinc oxide, which is a white powder used in sunscreens. Carbon forms carbon dioxide, which puts the…
Stars usually start out as clouds of gases that cool down to form hydrogen molecules. Gravity compresses the molecules into a core and then heats them up. Elements do not really form out of nothing in stars; they are converted from hydrogen through a process known as nuclear fusion. This happens when the temperature of hydrogen goes up, thereby generating energy to produce helium. Helium content in the core steadily increases due to continuous nuclear fusion, which also increases a young star's temperature. This process in young stars is called the main sequence. This also contributes to luminosity, so a…
The lithosphere is an important part of the theory of plate tectonics. In geologic terms it represents the rocky, rigid plates that move across the rubbery asthenosphere. The lithosphere is just one of the four interrelated "spheres" of the Earth, the others being the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Some scientists include a fifth sphere, the magnetosphere, which represents the Earth's magnetic field.
Building a small hydrogen generator is as simple as exposing wire tips under test tubes inverted in a glass of water. The electricity goes through the water and splits it apart into the chemical components of H2O which is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen. As the test tubes fill, one is filled with hydrogen gas. Since the mixture isn't going to be stored very long, there is no need to separate the gases. A slightly larger version can be used to fill up sandwich bags with the gas.
Hydrogen generators may either be generators that are powered by hydrogen or ones that make hydrogen. A generator that is powered by hydrogen will use the gas or a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity for use by the generator. A generator that produces hydrogen will do so through either by using electrolysis processing or water, or the extraction and reformation of pure hydrogen from a hydrogen rich chemical such as sodium borohydride, ammonia, methanol or gasoline. The water electrolysis method produces little waste to be disposed o,f while the extraction and reformation process creates numerous byproducts that must be…
Silicon is a periodic element that is classified as a metalloid. It occurs naturally on earth and is found in large amounts in the earth's crust. Silicon has a variety of uses because it bonds easily with other elements, is an electrical semiconductor, and does not conduct temperature. Also, silicon's many derivatives, including silicone and silica, are widely used as a base for a range of manufacturing products.
The sun enables life on Earth as we know it to exist. The sun provides warmth and energy to Earth and keeps it from being just another cold, lifeless planet in the universe. Our sun, as important as it is to us, is actually very common in the universe--it is simply Earth's closest star. In the known universe, the sun is one of about a billion of similar types of stars.
