Wearing the wrong shoe size, improperly padded shoes or high-heels can causes calluses to form on the balls of your feet. Too much pressure and friction from over-tight shoes makes the shoe to rub against your foot and cause blisters or bruises. Your foot develops a layer of dead hard skin called a callus as a natural form of foot protection. Going barefoot also causes calluses to form as a natural protection from the ground. Treat your calluses by removing the dead skin and creating the proper padding for the insole of your shoes.
The term supination refers to either your arm or your foot. According to Wisegeek.com, "When the term is applied to the hand, it describes the movement of the arm and hand that results in an upward-facing palm. If the foot is supinated, the outer edge of the sole is used to carry the weight of the body." Excessive foot supination is detrimental. Stretchinghandbook.com reports that it "places a large strain on the muscles and tendons that stabilize the ankle, and can lead to the ankle rolling completely over, resulting in an ankle sprain or total ligament rupture."