Electric Oven Wiring Requirements

Circuit Breakers

Electric ovens use 240-volt current and require two-pole circuit breakers--two single-switch circuit breakers tied together--as protection for the circuit. Some older electric ovens used 40-amp circuits, but new, modern installations require 50-amp circuits according to the NEC.

Wiring

According to NEC regulations, the wiring for a 50-amp circuit must be at least 8-gauge or larger wire. When using NM-B sheathed cable, the wire must be 6-gauge. Buy NM-B cable with three insulated wires plus a ground wire for running new circuits.

Receptacle

Receptacles for oven and range wiring are rated for 50 amps and either 125 or 250 volts. There are three narrow slots for the two hot wires and neutral wire. A fourth hole is square with one rounded side. Most configurations have the receptacle mounted on the outside of the wall.

Pigtail

The pigtail is a cord for large appliances. On one end the wires terminate with round connectors to attach to the oven or range terminals. On the other end is a plug with three slot-shaped prongs and one square prong with one round side. The plug fits the 50 amp, 125/250 volt receptacle.

Disconnecting Means

NEC regulations require that large appliances be equipped with a means of disconnecting the circuit so that the appliance may be safely serviced. NEC regulations state that the pigtail-receptacle connection may be used as the circuit disconnect. Unplugging the appliance serves as the disconnecting safety measure for the appliance.

Local Building Codes

Local building codes may vary from NEC regulations. In particular, local code enforcement agencies may take several years to adopt to new changes in the NEC. Adding new circuits to your home requires a building permit and inspection in most jurisdictions. Be sure to talk to the local code enforcement or building department in your community before beginning any work.