Are Fiddlehead Ferns Carcinogenic?

Most fiddlehead ferns are safe to eat.

Fiddlehead ferns are wild plants that normally grow in moist soil along rivers, streams and near the edges of forests. There are numerous species of the plant, only one of which has been found to contain carcinogens.

Bracken Fern

Especially popular in Japan, this fern has been linked to stomach cancer. Although some people believe thorough cooking makes it safe for consumption, a significant number of plant experts advise against eating this type of fiddlehead.

Safe Fiddlehead Ferns

Lady ferns, ostrich ferns and shield ferns are common varieties of fiddleheads that are safe to eat if thoroughly cooked. Raw fiddleheads contain thiaminase, an enzyme that depletes vitamin B in humans, and heat is the only way to destroy it.

Harvesting & Cooking

Fiddlehead ferns should be gathered, cooked and eaten while the heads are still tightly furled; the taste of the plant becomes unpalatable as the plant ages and the furl unfolds. They can be cooked in a variety of ways including boiling, steaming or sauteing in oil and garlic.

References

• Alderleaf Wilderness College: Fiddlehead Ferns: Springtime Edible Treats
• Chef de Cuisine: Fiddlehead Ferns