Ethnic Preferential Policies in Nigeria

Nigeria has tried different policies to achieve racial balance.

Since its independence in 1960, one of Nigeria's challenges has been to promote national unity among its differing ethnic groups. One strategy has been to give various minority groups preference in work, education and even sports.

Background

In 1960, clashes broke out between Muslim ethnic groups of northern Nigeria and the Ibo people of southern Nigeria. When the Ibo chose to secede and create the Republic of Biafra in 1967, it led to the Nigerian Civil War, which lasted until 1970.

Justification

According to the Nigerian Constitution, adopted in 1979, every national activity must "look like Nigeria." Because Nigeria is home to seven major ethnic groups and many minor ones, the government elected to take action through law.

Policies

The government began to favor minority groups such as the Atyap (or Kataf) people of the north over the more populous Hausa group. Minority groups were favored in higher education admissions policies and even on the Nigerian national soccer team.

Effects

Already high racial tension led to riots and accusations of government corruption, especially in the volatile political climate of the 1990s. The result was the recreation of traditional homelands set aside for specific groups. Despite this, ethnic clashes continue in Nigeria.

References

• EveryCulture: Nigeria
• H-Net: Review of Affirmative Action Around the World by Thomas Sowell

Resources

• International HR Forum: Affirmative Action -- A Global Issue