What Soil Supports Plant Life the Best?

Organic amendments improve less desirable soil for planting.

Plants grow in all types of soil worldwide, from dry and sandy to wet clay. Each soil offers different benefits and drawbacks, but the best soil for plants depends on the plants themselves and their preferred growing conditions.

Types

Soil structure types include clay, sand and loam. Most plants prefer loam soil, with adequate nutrient and water-holding abilities, as well as good drainage and air circulation. PH ranges widely as well, with most plants preferring a neutral or slightly acidic environment. For example, vegetables prefer slightly acidic soil. Exceptions include blueberries and rhododendrons, both of which grow only in very acid soil.

Significance

Clay soil tends to be excessively wet and too heavy to allow air circulation for plant roots. Sandy soil does not hold nutrients and water well, creating a poor growing environment for many plants. Nutrients and water remain in loamy soil long enough for plants to absorb them, but also provides a well-draining medium to avoid soggy roots and increased risk of insects and disease.

Prevention/Solution

Many gardeners deal with clay or sandy soil successfully. Adding organic soil amendments such as compost to the soil before planting seeds greatly improves the soil properties. An annual topdressing of 2 inches of compost keeps soil in good condition through the years.

References

• Ohio State University Extension: Improving Soils for Vegetable Gardening
• Oregon State University Extension: Acidifying Soil for Blueberries and Ornamental Plants in the Yard and Garden
• Washington State University Extension: Soil Management in Yards and Gardens

Resources

• Cornell University: Soil Basics