What Is an Observation Schedule?

Observation schedules are one of many essential analytical devices that scientists can use to turn multifaceted and complex visual observations into usable research data.

Identification

An observation schedule is an analytical form, or coding sheet, filled out by researchers during structured observation. It carefully specifies beforehand the categories of behaviors or events under scrutiny and under what circumstances they should be assigned to those categories. Observations are then fragmented, or coded, into these more manageable pieces of information, which are later aggregated into usable, quantifiable data.

Types

Observation schedules are utilized primarily in the fields of education, psychology, speech and language therapy, learning and behavioral therapy and market research. Schedules can range from exceedingly complex multiple-page examinations to simple tally sheets. Types of observation schedules include event sampling, time sampling, interval recording, rating scales and duration recording.

Examples

One of the most widely known and sophisticated observation schedules is the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), which systematically tests for telltale signs of autism in its subjects. Other notable examples include the Modified-Classroom Observation Schedule to Measure Intentional Communication (M-COSMIC) and the Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories.

References

• Oxford University Press: Social Research Methods Glossary
• University of Strathclyde: Structured Observation and Data
• Hospiweb: Methods of Research: Observation
• Globusz Publishing: Tools for Data Collection

Resources

• Education Resources Information Center
• American Psychological Association: PsycINFO