Heat Pump Vs. Central Air

Central air conditioners and heat pump systems are used in colder and warmer regions of the United States. The major differences between the two systems are in the cost, technology they use to heat or cool the air, and their efficiency.

Heat Pumps

In colder months, heat pumps move heat from the outdoors into a home, while in warmer months, they move heat from inside to the outdoors. Air-source heat pumps are the most common, though they are designed to work more efficiently in moderate climates. Geothermal heat pumps, which are more expensive to install but more efficient, transfer heat between a home and below the ground, and work efficiently in all climates.

Central Air

A central air conditioner uses supply and return ducts to circulate cooler air throughout a house, while also dehumidifying a home. A typical air conditioning system includes a compressor unit and condensing cooler which works together with a furnace and blower system to distribute the cool air.

Differences

The cost to install a complete central air conditioning and heating system could cost $7,000 to $10,000 (as of 2011), depending on the efficiency of the system and size of the house. A typical geothermal heat pump system costs about $17,000 or more, including the cost to drill underground. For homes heated by electricity, heat pump systems can save about 30 percent to 40 percent in costs.

References

• U.S. Department of Energy: Energy Savers; Heat Pump Systems
• U.S. Department of Energy: Energy Savers; Central Air Conditioners
• Consumer Energy Center: Geothermal or Ground Source Heat Pumps.