Hardware & Software Required to Implement a VPN
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) provides a way for two endpoints to connect securely to each other via the Internet. A VPN is useful if you're traveling and need to connect to your remote network, or if you want to connect two networks without leasing a point-to-point data circuit.
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VPN Endpoint
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For a network that you want to make accessible to another network or VPN clients, you need a proper VPN endpoint. Options for VPNs are increasingly found in consumer-grade routers, but are more often a part of a network's firewall. The Cisco PIX firewall or ASA router includes VPN functionality, as well as devices from Symantec and other networking companies. For site-to-site connections, you will need two such endpoints -- one at each network.
VPN Client
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In order for a laptop or other remote workstation to connect to a VPN endpoint, it must have a client software installed. Windows 2000, XP, Vista and 7 include native support for connect to a VPN; just create a new network connection under the control panel. For any workstation without such support, you can install client software such as Cisco's VPN client or OpenVPN. You don't need client software for two dedicated pieces of VPN hardware to connect.
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Compatible Protocols
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Clients and endpoints of VPNs use one of two different protocols: Layer Two Tunneling Protocol in Internet Protocol Security (L2TP/IPSec), or Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol. Both your client and endpoints must support the protocols you wish to use. Newer implementation of the VPN protocol also includes clientless, Web-based services based on the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) standards.
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