Facts on Ferns

Fern leaves are known as fronds.

Ferns are among the oldest living plants on earth. According to the American Fern Society, ferns have existed for more than 300 million years. About 12,000 species of ferns grow throughout the world in a wide range of habitats.

Identification

Ferns are perennial plants grown for their attractive foliage. They vary in height from just a few inches high to 50 feet tall. Many ferns grow on the forest floor, although varieties are found in the desert, open fields and on mountaintops. Rather than reproduce by flowering, as many plants do, ferns propagate themselves through spores.

Types

Tree ferns, such as Dicksonia, generally have finely cut foliage and a tree-like form. Native ferns, like Asplenium, are lower growing and often used as ground covers. Exotic ferns from tropical areas of the world, such as Polypodium and Nephrolepis, make good houseplants.

Requirements

Most ferns grow best in shade outdoors and in medium light indoors. Outside, they require rich soil that is high in organic matter. The University of Florida recommends planting indoor ferns in 75 percent peat moss and 25 percent sand. Ferns require occasional feeding with half-strength fertilizer solutions.

References

• The American Fern Society (Fern Basics Page); A Brief Introduction to Ferns
• University of Florida IFAS Extension: Ferns
• "Sunset Western Garden Book"; Kathleen Brenzel, 2001

Resources

• University of Rhode Island Landscape Horticulture Program: Indoor Ferns