An Introduction to Satellite Navigation Systems

Satellite navigation systems rely on satellite signals and mapping software.

Satellite navigation systems take a number of forms, but these systems share a common reliance on three or more orbiting satellites --- and some mapping software --- to determine a location and offer guidance.

Function

Satellite navigation systems work by using an antenna to receive signals from three or more orbiting satellites. According to the European Space Agency, or ESA, global positioning system satellites broadcast periodic messages identifying the time and their location. The satellite navigation system, which knows the relative position of programmed satellites, measures the distance between the satellites for which it receives a signal to determine the unit's geographic locale. The unit then compares its calculated position with mapping software to determine its location.

Uses

Satellite navigation systems have both military and civilian applications. The military can use these systems to guide troops, identify locations and precisely target attacks. Civilians can use the systems for guidance when driving or flying, and outdoors enthusiasts can use satellite navigation to prevent getting lost.

Considerations

According to the European automotive safety website Safer Motoring, satellite navigation can distract drivers and lead to an increased risk of accidents. Drivers who become reliant on the devices can also become less familiar with traditional navigation, and flight training academies often prohibit satellite-based navigation until student pilots demonstrate proficiency in traditional navigation.

References

• ESA: How Existing Satellite Navigation Systems Work
• Safer Motoring: How Safe are Sat Nav Systems?
• Avis: Safety Benefits of Satellite Navigation