How Does Organic Matter Improve Soil?

Organic matter improves soil quality.

Organic matter benefits garden and agricultural soil in a variety of ways. Sandy and loam soils in particular may require additional organic matter. Avoid over-tilling and fertilize your soil properly to maintain adequate levels.

Identification

Unlike organic materials that have not yet completed the composting process, organic matter has already been decomposed, resulting in overall chemical stability. Compost and manure are some of the most common forms of organic matter.

Benefits

Organic matter increases water availability, improves the overall structure of the soil, and enhances nutrient uptake. Its benefits reach beyond the small home garden; according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, increased organic matter use may help the environment, since it reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

Signs

In addition to using soil-testing kits, you can monitor the level of organic matter in your soil with a few simple observations. Proper levels result in dark soil with a rich, earthy smell. The presence of organic matter may also cause matter to clump into aggregates when it is rubbed between the fingers. Water pooling and poor drainage may indicate low organic matter levels.

References

• USDA NRCS: Managing Soil Organic Matter
• Oregon State University Extension: Improving Garden Soils With Organic Matter
• Noble Foundation: What Does Organic Matter Do in Soil?
• Michigan State University: Soil Organic Matter