How Is Solar Energy Created?
The sun gives off more than enough light and heat to meet our energy requirements, according to Miami University. Solar energy systems either convert light or heat into electricity or capture heat energy. Photovoltaic cells, solar water heating and solar thermal electricity are three strategies for harnessing the sun's energy.
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Photovoltaic Cells
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Photovoltaic (PV) cells, also called solar cells, convert sunlight into electricity. PV cells absorb the photons in sunlight, which dislodges electrons from the PV cell. Electrons flow to the surface of the cell, creating a negative charge on the front and a positive charge on the back. This charge imbalance results in a direct current, much like the process within a battery.
Solar Water Heating
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Solar water heating provides hot water for homes or swimming pools. Roof panels that contain water pipes absorb thermal energy from the sun, heating the water.
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Solar Thermal Electricity
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Solar thermal electricity converts heat into electricity. Solar thermal plants use sunlight to heat water, producing steam. A turbine and generator convert the steam to electricity. Solar thermal plants vary in shape from the curved mirrors of a parabolic trough to the tall solar power tower.
Pros and Cons
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Solar energy is renewable and does not pollute the environment. However, sunlight is not constant, so solar energy systems usually require a large space to work efficiently. The cost effectiveness depends on your location and climate.
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