Jones-Miller Act

Government regulation of narcotics in 1914 changed the nature of drug use in America.

The Jones-Miller Act is the popular name for The Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act of 1922. It effectively marked the start of the illegal drugs trade and followed on from the 1914 Harrison Narcotic Act, which tried to regulate the drugs industry.

History

Before 1914, anyone could buy opium and cocaine legally or get them on prescription. The Department of Treasury passed the Harrison Narcotic Act that year to regulate the industry and collect drugs trade revenue. The 1922 Jones-Miller Act was passed to help enforce it. It meant anyone caught dealing fraudulently in drugs faced imprisonment for up to 10 years and fined up to $5000.

Medical

Both acts allowed for the "legitimate medical use" of narcotics. This definition, however, caused enormous problems. Doctors broadly believed drug addicts suffered from an illness and should therefore be prescribed narcotics as treatment. U.S. government departments disagreed, and doctors' powers of prescription were seriously restricted. Many addicts now had to get their drugs illegally.

Impact

The combined effect of the Harrison and Jones-Miller Acts profoundly changed the nature of drug use and stimulated a widespread illegal trade. It criminalized drug users and led to a rise in theft and prostitution. Even pure possession was enough for a conviction if not legally obtained.

References

• Drugtext Foundation
• Springer Link