How Does a Variable Transformer Work?
A transformer device sends electrical energy from one circuit to another via a set of coils called inductors. Variable transformers transfer energy between electric systems that are not synchronous, or do not produce identical voltage.
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Asynchronous Systems
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Alternating current refers to a current containing an electric charge that periodically reverses direction. When alternating current, or AC, systems are connected, their frequencies and voltages must be identically synchronized to function. When two systems contain different frequencies and voltages, they are asynchronous and generate variable frequency flows.
Elements
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Variable frequency transformers consist of doubly-fed electric machines, or electric generators containing windings, or coils, on rotating and stationary parts. Variable frequency transformers contain a long vertical shaft and a wound rotor. A DC, or direct current, torque motor mounts to the shaft and receives power from the windings. Power flow changes direction when torque is applied to the shaft in a different direction.
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Phase-Shifting Transformer
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Variable frequency transformers act as phase-shifting transformers, specialized devices used to direct the flow of power across high voltage transmission networks. These transformers essentially change the phase angle, or frequency wave cycle, between the transmitting end and receiving end of an alternating current line. Correcting wave variations in non-identical frequencies enables variable frequency transformers to control power flow between asynchronous electric systems.
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References
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- Photo Credit Transformer image by Maxim Glazunov from Fotolia.com
