How Are IQ Tests Measured?

IQ tests measure characteristics such as verbal and numerical knowledge, reasoning and problem solving, and critical thinking.

An IQ test, or Intelligence Quotient test, was developed by Alfred Binet, a French psychologist, in 1904, according to the website Psychological Testing. IQ tests are used to determine relative intelligence by dividing the mental age determined by the test by actual age and multiplying by 100.

Modern IQ Tests verses Traditional IQ Tests

The modern IQ test uses a slightly different method than Binet's original design. These modern tests reference people against those of their own age rather than assign them a ratio as in the the traditional IQ Tests. The average IQ, however, remains 100.

The Problem with IQ Tests

It is thought that the main problem with the traditional IQ test is "intelligence" is not something easily measured but rather a combination of complicated and fluctuating factors both internal and external to the subject. Elements such as training, environment and the attitudes of those giving the test have been shown to impact a subject's results.

The Question of Culture

IQ tests have a reputation of being culturally biased, and this is generally believed to be true. Jonathan Rich, Ph.D., writing on the Psychological Testing website, observed, "Intelligence is always measured relative to a particular culture; 'culture free' tests of intelligence do not exist."

References

• Psychological Testing: A Guide to Psychological Testing and Assessment: Intelligence Testing
• FairTest - The National Center for Fair and Open Testing: What's Wrong With Standardized Tests?