The History of Oncology Nursing
Originally, nurses' roles were limited to providing comfort measures for patients with cancer. Oncology nursing evolved as a specialty. Now nurses are involved in the entire continuum of care for cancer patients: prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Oncology nurses receive specialized training and can attain certification from the Oncology Nursing Society.
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Evolution
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Before the 1950s, cancer treatment primarily involved surgery, with nurses assuming a minimal role in patient care. The 1971 National Cancer Act was adopted to reduce the incidents of cancer and cancer deaths. Cancer care became more comprehensive, and nurses assumed broader roles in the specialty care of patients. The Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) was incorporated in 1975, and in 1979 the ONS released its standards for nursing practice. The ONS administered its first certification exam in 1986.
Pediatric Oncology Nursing
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Pediatric oncology nursing became a subspecialty in the early 1940s. Nurses worked with "tumor specialists" and became self-taught in cancer nursing practices. During these early years, nurses primarily worked to ensure patients were comfortable. By the 1960s, pediatric oncology nurses were practicing advanced clinical skills. Pediatric nursing was the first specialty to develop standards for cancer care.
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Job Description
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Oncology nurses provide direct care to cancer patients. They work in hospitals and outpatient settings, such as radiation oncology facilities and surgery centers. Specific duties include administering drugs, evaluating lab results and managing patients' symptoms. They also provide emotional support to patients undergoing cancer treatment. They promote cancer screening and early detection.
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References
Resources
- Photo Credit nurse on her cell image by Tracy Martinez from Fotolia.com
