How Insecticide Works

Insecticides are a type of pesticide used to kill insects.

Insecticides are substances used to kill insects. Many types of insecticides are available, including chemical and non-chemical agents. However, many insecticides are toxic to humans and other species and should be used carefully.

Nervous System Agents

The most toxic insecticides interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses, causing tremors, convulsions, paralysis and death. According to the University of Florida Cooperative Extension, insecticides that affect the nervous system, such as organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and organochlorines, can be harmful to humans and non-target species.

Growth Inhibitors

Growth inhibitors affect the insect's endocrine system by prohibiting juveniles from maturing. These chemicals prevent the insect from molting or shedding its exoskeleton. Because growth inhibitors target insects specifically, they are usually less toxic to other species.

Microbial Insecticides

Microbial insecticides use microorganisms that attack insects at the cellular level. Viruses and bacteria work internally, while fungi penetrate the insect's body externally. According to the University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension, microbial insecticides are usually non-toxic to other species.

Soaps and Oils

Soap- and oil-based insecticides are sold as organic or non-chemical products. Soaps work by dissolving the outer shell of the insect, resulting in dehydration and cell collapse. Oils are designed to smother the eggs of insects such as mites and aphids.

References

• University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension: How Insecticides Work
• University of Florida Cooperative Extension: How Insecticides Work