How Does Solar Energy Create Electricity?

Solar-energy systems transform sunlight into electricity.

Solar-energy systems convert the sun's rays into heat and electricity. Solar energy represents the earth's most abundant energy source, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Photovoltaic Devices

Photovoltaic devices, also called solar cells, convert sunlight directly into electricity. Sunlight contains photons, which are energy particles. Photovoltaic devices absorb photons, which dislodge electrons from the photovoltaic cell. The electrons move towards the surface, creating a direct current similar to a battery.

Concentrating Solar Plants

Concentrating solar power plants collect heat, which produces steam. The steam then powers a generator, which produces electricity.

Benefits

Solar energy is renewable, which means it will not run out. In addition, it produces no greenhouse gases or pollution. Photovoltaic devices require little maintenance and repair, since they contain no moving parts.

Drawbacks

Solar energy usually requires large spaces to collect sunlight efficiently. In addition, sunlight levels change by time of year, time of day and weather conditions. Large solar power plants also may damage ecosystems if they are not properly managed.

References

• U.S. Energy Information Administration: Solar

Resources

• Alternative Energy: Solar Energy