The Safety of Acids & Bases

Vinegar is a weak acid.

Acids and bases are reactive and corrosive substances. They can cause injuries to tissues and damage to metals and other materials. Strong acids and bases typically cause more damage than weak acids and bases.

Corrosives

Strong acids and bases are corrosives -- substances that can damage or destroy living tissue or other materials. The strength and concentration of acids and bases determines their corrosivity. Corrosives can be highly reactive and release flammable hydrogen gas when they react with metals.

Strong Acids and Bases

Strong acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are highly corrosive and reactive with water. They produce toxic vapors in the presence of some metals. When strong bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide come in contact with skin, they can cause ulceration and chemical burns.

Weak Acids and Bases

Weak acids and bases have lower strength or concentration than strong acids and bases. They are much less corrosive. Acetic acid (vinegar) is a weak acid. Ammonia is a weak base. Symptoms of exposure to weak acids and bases are minor and may not appear for several hours.

Exposure and Injuries

Acids and bases can make direct contact with tissues as a solid, liquid or vapor. The extent of the damage depends on the concentration and strength of the acid or base, the type of tissue that was exposed and the time elapsed before treatment.

References

• Providence College: Identifying Hazardous Chemicals, Corrosives
• International Programme on Chemical Safety: Chemical Safety Training Modules, Corrosive Materials
• Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Control Procedures for Acids and Bases