How Water Well Drilling Works

Water wells have been drilled since ancient times. Wells are an excellent source of water for small groups of individuals, as wells tap into below-ground reservoirs and allow for water even during times of infrequent rain or drought.

By Hand

Historically, water wells had to be drilled by hand. A group of workers would have to dig with shovels and a bucket until they reached the water table (the level at which groundwater pressure and atmospheric pressure are the same).

Modern Drilled Wells

Modern-day wells are drilled mechanically. This involves drill rigs transported by truck. These drills can reach as far as 1,000 feet into the ground.

Types of Drills

Different types of ground require different types of drills for making water wells. Rotary drills chew through rock. Percussion drills smash rock, and large augur drill bits are used in soft ground.

References

• Water Science for Schools: Groundwater: Wells
• Water Science for Schools: Truck-mounted Drill Rig
• International School of Well Drilling