Can You Get a DNA Test Before the Baby Is Born?
A prenatal paternity test is possible, but not without risk. According to the American Pregnancy Association, prenatal paternity testing is discouraged due to an increased risk of miscarriage.
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Types
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There are two prenatal paternity tests: amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling. Doctors perform amniocenteses in the second trimester; chorionic villus sampling usually occurs in the first trimester.
Amniocentesis
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A fetal ultrasound measures the position of the fetus. The doctor gently inserts a long thin needle through the mother's belly and into her uterus, without touching the fetus, and withdraws about two tablespoons of amniotic fluid.
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Chorionic Villus Sampling
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Chorionic villus is small finger-shaped growths in the placenta that hold the same genetic material contained in a baby's cells. There are two methods to collect chorionic villus. Using an ultrasound as a guide in both methods, a thin catheter passes through the vagina and cervix into the placenta. The second method, similar to an amniocentesis, involves passing a thin needle through the belly into the placenta.
Risks
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Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling risks include a slight chance of harm to the fetus and miscarriage. Other risks include cramping, leaking of amniotic fluid, uterine infection and vaginal bleeding.
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