Why Is an Application Layer Firewall Sometimes Called a Proxy Server?
A firewall will block traffic entering a computer. It is possible to declare "Exceptions," listing sources of connections which the firewall should let through. In order to detect allowed traffic, the firewall checks the packet headers for it's source. An Application Layer Firewall is set to guard a specific application, like a database. It needs to examine the data in the packets arriving at the computer in order to filter out damaging content.
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Proxy Server
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A proxy is an intermediary or a substitute. If a resource is being guarded by a proxy, it is moved, and the proxy is placed at the expected address. Clients approach the address and make a request. The proxy communicates with the resource and relays the response without the client contacting the server.
Reverse Proxy Server
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A proxy server guarding access to the Internet is called a forward proxy server. Firewalls are used to filter traffic coming in from the Internet. Proxy Servers guarding access from the Internet are called Reverse Proxy Servers.
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Proxy Server Firewall
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An Application Layer Firewall may be resident on the same computer as the application it is guarding. This is a host-based application firewall. If the firewall is resident on a Reverse Proxy Server, it is called a network-based application firewall.
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