Information on Underground Homes & Environmental Sustainability
Twenty million Chinese on the Loess Plateau live in caves or underground dwellings today. While caves are often thought of as a last refuge, a shelter in dire emergency, the energy crisis of the 1970's generated an interest in underground homes as a sustainable and economic housing choice. Today the phenomena is in full swing around the world. Does this Spark an idea?
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Types
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Underground earth-sheltered homes are built below ground level, with a few inches or several feet of earth burying the structure, according to the US Department of Energy. There may be a courtyard or central atrium open to the sky for light and air.
Earth-bermed houses have earth sloped against some of the walls for insulation, but feature a standard roof and a more conventional look.
Caves, man-made or natural, have been modified and modernized in various ways (including plumbing and electricity) and made into comfortable--and sometimes even posh---dwellings. Most of the Australian town of Coober Pedy live in man-made caves.
Energy Efficiency
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Underground homes conserve energy wonderfully. Since temperatures underground vary much less than in the open air, heating and cooling costs are minimized. According to residents in the Chinese cave communities, the heat from cooking is often enough to heat the home. Less energy and money are spent on exterior home maintenance, since there is so little of it. Environmental sustainability is enhanced by reduced need for siding and roofing. Natural light can be accessed via courtyards and skylights, minimizing the need for additional lighting.
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Benefits and Drawbacks
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An underground home provides superior soundproofing. The strength of the structure, encased in the earth, means decreased vulnerability to extreme weather such as tornadoes, and greater stability during earthquakes. Energy costs are low. Homes built into hillsides often have great views.
Dampness can be an issue, if proper ventilation isn't maintained. It can cost more to build an underground home, and it might be more difficult to sell one, or acquire a mortgage on one, according the the US Dept. of Energy.
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References
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- Photo Credit cave image by Horticulture from Fotolia.com
