Proxy 101
In general usage, a proxy is someone authorized to act for someone else. In networking, a proxy server is an intermediary. It may filter transported data, provide data on behalf of another server, route network traffic or block network traffic.
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Types of Proxy
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Proxies are used to speed up access to data from certain servers. These proxies hold copies, or caches, of the target server's data to access when the required server is carrying a heavy load. Proxies also guard access to the Internet from a private network and can block access to certain website pages from within the private network. Other proxies carry traffic on behalf of clients to mask their origin. Proxies are used for routing data over the Internet and sharing traffic between clusters of servers. Gateway proxies also may modify traffic passing through it, perhaps for security or to translate text.
Disadvantages
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Proxies can be used to block access to the Internet. These filters can be applied either to control access from a network or to an entire country. However, other proxies can circumvent these blocks by masking the true destination of communication. For people trying to enforce company policy, these policy-invading proxies can be a threat. Masking the origin of Internet traffic assists hackers and malicious attacks.
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Advantages
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Proxies can reduce load on a particular service either by diverting traffic, delivering the service themselves or blocking access. They can create security on a transmission by protecting a user's identity. Proxies also can help centralize computer configuration on company networks and help distribute access to resources evenly.
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References
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