Choice Theory in Criminal Justice

Choice theory explains criminal behavior.

There are many schools of thought in the criminal justice system. One of the most prevalent is choice theory. Choice theory seeks to explain why criminals break the law.

Definition

Often referred to as "rational choice theory," choice theory explains the actions of criminals by theorizing that they make rational decisions by weighing the benefits and detriments of each criminal action they make.

Features

The choice theory school of thought maintains that individuals choose all of their criminal actions and those criminal decisions can be controlled by certain and severe punishment. The theory is that the more severe the punishment, the more of a deterrence that punishment will be when considered by an individual prior to committing a crime.

History

The earliest published work on choice theory can be traced back to Cesare Beccaria in 1764. As this theory evolved, it was adopted by the American Criminal Justice system and has since been the motivation for strict punishments including the adoption of the death penalty as the ultimate deterrence to making criminal choices.

References

• "Criminal Justice in Action"; Larry K. Gaines; 2009
• Choice Theory