Youth Criminal Justice Act Information
The Canadian House of Commons passed The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), known as Bill C-7, on February 4, 2002, to address weaknesses and build on strengths from the Young Offenders Act that was passed in 1996.
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Defining Youth
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The YCJA defines youth for criminal law purposes as those who are at least 12 years old, but younger than 18 at the time of the crime committed. The YCJA also recognizes that youth have rights, which are protected by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child as well as the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and the Canadian Bill of Rights.
Basic Principles
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The YCJA recognizes that although juveniles need accountability in criminal acts, it is also important to act in the best interests of the juvenile by focusing on rehabilitation and reintegration into society. The YCJA recognizes each person's unique situation, but also focuses on helping the victims, while still respecting gender, ethnic, cultural and linguistic differences.
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Right to Counsel
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A judge must inform the juvenile of his right to counsel before any lawful procedures are conducted. Before accepting a plea, the court must make sure the juvenile understands the charge brought against him, what his plea options are and the process of a youth sentence.
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