Why Was Probation Developed?

Probation was developed, in part, to reduce prison overcrowding.

Probation, a type of community supervision, can served by an offender instead of doing time in prison. John Augustus, known as the father of probation, brought about the release of over 1100 men, women and children by 1852 through this alternative method.

History

Massachusetts became the first state to legislate probation in 1878 when it ordered an official probation system with paid officers. All states now have probation departments.

Types

Most states offer several types of probation - summary, standard, intensive or specialized. Summary probation means the defendant is under the supervision of the court. In standard probation, the defendant reports to the probation officer. Intensive probation is like home arrest. Specialized probation supervises offenders with similar needs such as domestic violence or gang members.

Time Frame

Offenders on probation may serve terms as brief as six months for low-level misdemeanors such as traffic crimes. High-risk offenses, such as sex crimes, may result in placement on lifetime probation.

Terms and Conditions

Defendants on probation must abide by strict terms and conditions. Some examples include maintaining gainful employment, paying court fees, attending counseling, completing community service hours, reporting to the probation officer and not possessing weapons or illegal drugs.

Impact

Probation results in a reduction of prison overcrowding. Individuals who receive community supervision can work and promote the economy instead of being a burden to taxpayers.

References

• New York State - Division of Probation and Correctional Alternatives: History of Probation