Immunohistochemistry Basics

Immunohistochemistry is a method of identifying certain proteins in tissue samples. Scientists, medical researchers and doctors use this technique as an accurate method of analyzing tissues. It also has uses for disease diagnostics.

Definition

Immunohistochemistry is the process of localizing proteins in a tissue sample by using reactive antibodies to pinpoint the proteins and dye or another identifying marker to visualize it.

History

The practice of immunohistochemistry began in the 1950s when Albert H. Coons began using fluorescent dye to label antibodies and identify antigens in tissues.

Labels

There are a variety of fluorescent dyes and elements used to label the antibodies. These include peroxidase, colloidal gold, alkaline phosphatase and radioactive elements.

Use

The practice of immunohistochemistry is used to identify antigens in tissue samples in medical research. Doctors also use the method to diagnose diseases. It is a more accurate method than traditional enzyme staining diagnostic techniques.

Sample Heating

The scientist often uses different heating techniques, such as microwave heating or a pressure cooker, to reactivate the antigens in a tissue sample and make them more reactive to the dyed antibodies.

References

• IHC World: Introduction to Immunohistochemistry
• Protocol Online: Antigen Retrieval