Most Common Genetic Diseases in Dogs
All animals have their unique genetics and genetic defects, and dogs are no different. Genes are made up of DNA and are passed from the parent dogs to the puppies either by dominant or recessive genes. Irresponsible breeding programs by breeders, or inbreeding, often contributes to this genetic information being passed on to the offspring. Some genetic diseases are seen more frequently, occurring in dogs of varying breeds and sizes.
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Progressive Retinal Atrophy
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Progressive Retinal Atrophy causes blindness in dogs by damaging the dog's retina. The disease begins with night blindness and progresses to total blindness, and there is no cure for this disease.
Hereditary Epilepsy
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Epilepsy can begin in all ages of dogs and can vary from petit mal (small seizures) that causes staring spells or repetitive tics to grand mal (large seizures). They are treated with medications to reduce or control the severity of the seizures. There are no tests available to diagnose the presence of hereditary epilepsy before a seizure occurs.
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Hip Dysplasia
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This is a disorder where the 'ball and socket' hip joint doesn't fit well. The poor fit can range from slight instability in the joint to the joint dislocating. It is more common in medium and large breed dogs, and treatment ranges from dietary supplements, weight control, anti-inflammatory medications and surgery.
Congenital Heart Anomalies
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There are several hereditary heart defects, including patent ductus arteriosus, aortic stenosis, and ventricular septal defect.
Diabetes mellitus
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Like humans, diabetes can show up anytime in the dog's life, but the genetic form is seen in puppies under six months old. Symptoms include eating and drinking a lot with no weight gain and perhaps weight loss. Treatment is like that of humans, with diet and insulin.
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References
- Photo Credit Image by Fotolia.com, courtesy of abarro
