Life Cycle of a Rose

A rose can grow in a pot, in a garden or in the wild.

Rose are perennials, meaning they can grow, flower and seed for many years. Perennials grow and bloom over spring and summer, then die back in the fall and winter, and renew themselves the following spring.

Seeds

A rose grows from a seed. With the help of warm weather and water, a shoot pushes up from the ground and the plant grows bigger. Its thorns help it hang on to whatever surfaces are around it.

Buds

Buds appear that will become flowers. Flowers are reproduction centers for plants. Until the bud is developed enough for reproduction, it's covered by green leaf-life structures called "sepals."

Flowers

This rose's sepals have begun to open.

When the sepals have opened, the flower shows forth. Flowers have petals with bright colors and sweet scents to attract insects and animals, such as birds, as pollinators. Roses also produce nectar--a sugary liquid pollinating animals like as food.

Pollination

Flowers produce pollen--tiny grains needed to make seeds. Pollen sacs, called "anthers," sit on top of filaments in the flower's middle. As they feed on the nectar, pollen sticks on to insects or animals. When they go to the next flower, the pollen rubs onto it, starting pollination. The pollen is trapped by another flower's "stigma," a sticky surface at the top of the pistil, the part of the flower containing an ovule. A tube called a "style" holds up the stigma.The style leads down to the ovary that contains the ovules. Fertilized by pollen, the ovule becomes a seed.

Withering

Because the flower has done its job--reproducing the plant through pollination--it begins to wither. Its petals begin to fall off, and it loses its scent.

Rose Hips

Rose hips are meals for small animals.

The top of a flower's stem, the "receptacle," swells from seeds beginning to grow inside of it. When the receptacle swells to its fullest and turns red, it is called a "rose hip." Rose hips are eaten by small animals and birds, who carry rose hips away from the plant. The seeds come out in animal droppings, sometimes landing on soil where they grow into new rose plants.

References

• University of Illinois Extension: The Great Plant Escape--Life Cycle
• University of Illinois Extention: The Great Plant Escape--Plant Parts
• "The Life Cycle of a Rose;" Ruth Thompson, 2009

Resources

• American Rose Society