What Are the Challenges of a Premature Infant?
Premature babies present special challenges to the parents. Complications are more common the earlier the birth because body organs and the immune system have not had time to fully develop.
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Feeding
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The baby may not be able to suckle a breast or feed from a bottle. The mother can use a breast pump to collect milk, which is then fed to the baby through a tube that runs from its mouth or nose to the stomach.
Low Body Fat
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Preemies have trouble maintaining body temperature because they lack sufficient body fat. While still in the hospital, they are kept warm by incubators or radiant warmers.
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Breathing
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A very common breathing problem in preemies is respiratory distress syndrome, which prevents normal expansion of the lungs. Treatment includes specific medication and ventilators. Baby monitors to track the baby's breathing are available for home use.
Anemia
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When preemies are unable to make enough red blood cells, they can develop anemia. Their blood cannot carry enough oxygen for their needs so transfusions of red cells may be necessary.
Infection
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Preemies are especially vulnerable to infection because their immunity is not well-developed. Handwashing is important to prevent the transmission of germs, and medication like antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals may be necessary.
Developmental Delays
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There may be delays in muscle, speech and learning development so the baby may be slow to walk and talk. Careful monitoring and regular checkups help detect these problems early, making early intervention possible.
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