Skin Biting Disorder

For some animals, social grooming strengthens bonds and restores harmony to the group.

Compulsive skin biting, or dermatophagia, is one of a spectrum of body-focused compulsive psychiatric disorders, which may also be categorized as a psychosomatic skin disease, or neurodermatitis.

Symptoms

The fingers are most often the focus of compulsive skin biting.

The most common symptom of skin biting is self-explanatory---the individual bites his skin, typically around the fingernail and cuticle region. Over time, this behavior can cause bleeding, permanent damage, discoloration, hangnails and callusing.

Causes

Oftentimes, body-focused compulsions begin in childhood.

Research links repetitive, body-focused behavior to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as body dysmorphic disorder. Early childhood trauma, genetics, neurological imbalances, stress and boredom can be driving forces behind compulsive skin biting. Many sufferers describe an "insatiable itch" or urge, relieved by engaging in biting behavior.

Effects

Compulsive skin biting is a vicious cycle of stress and shame.

Compulsive skin biting has physical and emotional implications. Embarrassed by their appearance, individuals might withdraw from work, school and social interaction, in order to avoid public judgment and scrutiny.

Related Disorders

Trichotillomania can have especially stark implications for women.

Compulsive hair pulling, called trichotillomania; hair eating, or trichotillophagia; skin picking, or dermatillomania; and nail biting, or onychophagia, are disorders closely related to compulsive skin biting.

Treatments

Medications prove an effective treatment for compulsive skin biting sufferers.

The primary treatment for any OCD is psychotherapy. Discovering the circumstances surrounding onset, as well as its current triggers, are key to resolving compulsive skin biting. Antidepressants or anxiety medications, as well as support groups, have also shown promise.

References

• Brain Physics: Dermatillomania
• Western Suffolk Psychological Services: Skin Picking & Nail Biting
• National Institutes of Health: Dermatophagia
• Wrong Diagnosis: Dermatophagia
• Finger Freak: Dermatophagia

Resources

• OCD Center of Los Angeles
• SkinPick.com