Guillain Barre Disease

Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by weakness of the limbs and muscles. In severe cases, it can lead to paralysis and respiratory problems. The syndrome appears to be triggered by viral or bacterial infections.

Autoimmune Disorder

Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disorder. This means that the body's defense system attacks itself, and in the case of Guillain-Barre, it is the peripheral nervous system which is the target of the attack.

Symptoms

Weakness, a pins-and-needles sensation or loss of sensation in the feet and legs progresses to the upper body. Symptoms can range widely, from difficulty walking to severe pain in the lower back to chewing and swallowing problems, according to the Mayo Clinic. In its most severe form, it can be life threatening.

Causes

Respiratory or digestive system infections precede the syndrome in 60 percent of cases. Risk factors include recent infection, surgery and illnesses such as mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus. In rare cases, vaccinations for the flu and rabies have been connected to Guillain-Barre.

Tests

Although the disorder can be difficult to diagnose, neurologists may use nerve testing studies known as nerve conduction velocity tests. These tests measure the nerves' response to electrical stimulation to measure nerve damage. Lumbar punctures or spinal taps can also aid in diagnosis.

Treatment

A blood cleansing procedure called plasmapherisis removes damaging antibodies from plasma and can help with recovery. Treatment with immunoglobulin containing healthy antibodies can also benefit patients with the syndrome.

References

• Mayo Clinic: Disease Guide
• National Institute of Health: Guillain-Barre Syndrome Fact Sheet