Insulin vs. Metformin Treatment
Insulin and metformin are two medications used to control blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes may use insulin, while those with Type 2 diabetes may use insulin, metformin or a combination of the two.
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The Facts
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According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, individuals with Type 1 diabetes produce little or no natural insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas to control the metabolism of sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream. Individuals with Type 2 diabetes produce insulin, but their bodies do not respond to it properly.
Insulin
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Commercial insulin comes from cloned insulin proteins produced in laboratories by specialized bacteria, according to EndocrineWeb. When a diabetic receives an insulin treatment, insulin molecules in the circulatory system allow cells throughout the body to pull glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy.
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Metformin
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Metformin comes in tablet form, and achieves its effects by decreasing the amount of glucose absorbed from food and lowering glucose production in the liver. In addition, it increases the body’s ability to respond to insulin.
Potential Metformin Side Effects
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Metformin use may trigger low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or a potentially fatal condition called lactic acidosis.
Significance
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Uncontrolled diabetes can contribute to nerve damage, stroke, and heart and kidney disease.
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