Information on Human Cloning
Human cloning is the process of manipulating DNA for the potential copying or transference of genetic information and tissues. The process, as of the early 21st century, is primarily experimental. In addition, ethical debates have stimulated a challenge to the field's continued research.
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Types
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There are three different types of human cloning, each focusing on different aspects of the science. Recombinant DNA cloning is the process of transferring DNA fragments to different organisms, reproductive cloning replicates an identical copy of the same organism and therapeutic cloning is the use of human embryos for research.
History
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A biotechnology company, Advanced Cell Technology, produced the first cloned human embryo in 2001. However, the organism ceased to continued development after dividing into six cells.
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Effects
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One of the major problems facing human cloning is the potential for errors in genetic materials. Normal reproduction uses DNA from both parents to create stable genetics, while cloning from a single organism can result in defects.
Considerations
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Both the American Medical Association and the American Association for the Advancement of Science advise against the process of human cloning. This has prompted the U.S. Congress to possible seek legislation in the 21st century to ban the process.
Significance
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One possible application for human cloning is the potential to transplant organs from genetically modified animals into humans using a science known as xenotransplantation according to the BBC.
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References
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- Photo Credit Image by Flickr.com, courtesy of Dan Foy
