Fungus & Mushroom Identification
Fungus can manifest itself in many ways that can be either beneficial or harmful. Mushrooms are a form of fungus that grows in yards and fields. Because there are so many different species of mushrooms, identification, even using a quality field guide, is difficult.
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Features
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Mushrooms are sometimes also referred to as toadstools. They are the reproductive structures of certain types of fungi. Different types of fungi produce different types of mushrooms, which have their own particular features.
Identification
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When attempting to identify mushrooms, it is important to notice all the different features present on the mushroom in question. Look for where on the cap the stem extends from and what features are present underneath the cap. For example, Boletus mushrooms have tiny pores underneath the cap, whereas other types of mushrooms have gills underneath the cap.
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Annulus
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When identifying mushrooms, it is common to notice whether the stem has a ring directly below the cap. This ring is called an annulus, and it is present only on certain types of mushrooms, notes the Backyard Nature website.
Volva
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Another important feature to notice when identifying a mushroom is whether it has a volva. A volva is cup shaped and is located at the base of the mushroom. Volvas are usually white, and the Backyard Nature website suggests that dirt may have to be wiped away to tell whether a mushroom has one.
Warning
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Mushrooms that feature both an annulus and a volva are members of the genus Amanita. This genus is known to be poisonous if ingested. Not all of these mushrooms are deadly, but extreme care should be taken when dealing with a mushroom with both a volva and an annulus.
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