Energy Efficiency Transistor Vs. Tube Radio

Energy Efficiency Transistor Vs. Tube Radio thumbnail
A vintage radio is an inefficient novelty.

While vintage vacuum tube radios had a charm all their own, the tubes inside were bulky and inefficient. Transistors, introduced in the 1950s, were smaller and had much lower power consumption. By the '70s, consumer electronics had switched completely to transistors.

  1. Vacuum Tube

    • A vacuum tube is a sealed glass bulb with the air drawn out. Metal plates inside it control the flow of electricity across the vacuum, allowing the creation of radios, amplifiers and other electronics.

    Transistor

    • A transistor is a sliver of silicon or germanium, mixed with traces of other elements. Like the tube, it can also control the flow of electricity.

    Filament

    • The tube is a cousin of the incandescent light bulb. Inside a tube, electricity heats a metal filament, giving off electrons.

    Power Consumption

    • Each tube's filament consumes up to a few watts of power. This power is used only to keep the filament hot. In most cases, this exceeds the power needed to do amplification and other essential electronic functions.

    Tube Radio

    • In a radio, the essential work of tuning and amplifying a signal consumes about 20 to 40 milliwatts (1/1000 watt) of power. Tube filaments use several watts, driving efficiency down.

    Transistor Radio

    • Transistors use a different principle than tubes to amplify signals. They don't have filaments. Transistors amplify and tune signals with very little wasted energy.

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  • Photo Credit Image by Flickr.com, courtesy of Barbara

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