What Is the Layer of Soil Beneath the Topsoil?

The first layer of soil is very fertile and is called the topsoil. The second layer of soil is called the subsoil.

Color

Subsoil is lighter in color because it contains a lower amount of humus or organic material than topsoil.

Structure

Unlike topsoil, subsoil is packed tightly and has less space to retain water or air.

Gardening

Though subsoil can contain some plant food in the form of minerals, it generally is not a good medium for gardening or growing crops.

Utilization

Subsoil is used by bringing up a little to mix with topsoil and improving the overall quality of this top layer with the addition of soil-enriching materials.

Advantages

Water drainage in the soil relies on the subsoil. Sandy subsoil allows good drainage, while a subsoil heavy in clay prevents drainage.

References

• "The Science of Soil;" Jonathan Bocknek; 1999
• "A-Z of Vegetable Gardening in South Africa;" Jack Hadfield; 2001