Characteristics of Acids & Bases in PH

The pH value of a substance relates directly to how acidic or basic the substance is. There are particular characteristics that one can expect from acids and bases; these can be easily associated with particular pH values.

The pH scale

The pH scale provides an easy way to directly relate the amount of acid in a substance to familiar numbers. The scale ranges from negative numbers to numbers in the teens, where the number seven is considered the center of the scale.

Acids

The pH value corresponding to an acid is anything less than 7. These substance can be expected to have a bitter sour taste and to burn the skin, if particularly concentrated.

Neutral Solutions

A pH value of exactly 7 is consider a "neutral" solution. This means it is neither acidic or basic. Generally pure water has a pH of 7.

Bases

Bases are defined as having a pH greater than 7. Basic solutions are commonly known as alkaline solutions. Bases are also damaging to skin and can make it slough off. They are thought of as having a "soapy" feel.

Reactions

When acids and bases react together, they produce salt and water. For instance, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide (a base) react to produce sodium chloride (table salt) and water.

References

• "General Chemistry: Atoms First;" John E. McMurry, Robert C. Fay; 2010