Viral Meningitis Life Cycle

Meningitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the lining surrounding the brain and spinal column (meninges). When this inflammation is triggered by a virus, the condition is known as viral meningitis.

The Facts

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), viral meningitis---also called aseptic meningitis---is most commonly caused by a group of organisms called enteroviruses. Additional sources include herpes simplex, varicella zoster, influenza, mumps and measles.

Infection

Most frequently, enteroviruses infect the body through direct contact with contaminated feces. Other routes of infection for meningitis viruses include indirect or direct contact with nasal mucus, saliva or sputum.

Symptoms

Signs of viral meningitis appear within three to seven days after initial infection. Symptoms may include neck stiffness, fever, headache, light sensitivity, irritability, rash, sore throat, joint aches, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting.

Resolution

Viral meningitis typically dies out on its own within seven to 10 days after symptoms begin. There is no specific medical treatment for the condition.

Spreading the Disease

Individuals with viral meningitis are contagious throughout the time that symptoms are present. Children and immune-compromised individuals may spread the disease even after their symptoms are gone.

References

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Meningitis Questions & Answers
• The Mayo Clinic - Meningitis: Causes
• Meningitis Foundation of America - Viral Meningitis

Resources

• Directors of Health Promotion and Education - Viral Meningitis