Why Do Plants Need Water & Sunlight to Grow?

All plants need moisture and light for proper growth.

Water and light are among a plant's most basic requirements through the life cycle. Insufficient amounts of either element will inhibit or prevent germination, food transport, plant growth, and production of blossoms or fruit.

Germination

Germination of a seed begins when it absorbs water, according to Washington State University Extension. Water activates an enzyme that initiates reproduction of plant cells.

Food Transport

Roots obtain nutrients from the soil as they absorb water. The moisture and nutrients are then transported through the stem and leaves to nourish the plant.

Energy Production

Plants use light for photosynthesis, the production of energy. Flowering or fruit-producing plants need much more energy than leafy plants, and therefore need more direct sunlight, according to University of Missouri Extension horticulturist David Trinklein.

Adequate Light

Slow growth and pale or dropping leaves are a sign of inadequate light. Increase the proximity, intensity or duration of light exposure to compensate.

Adequate Water

The first sign of inadequate water is usually curling leaves or general drooping of the plant. Keep soil moist but not soaked for most vigorous growth.

References

• Washington State University Extension: Seed Germination
• University of Missouri Extension: Lighting Indoor Houseplants, David Trinklein

Resources

• Washington State University Extension: Propagating Plants from Seed