What Are the Causes of Trigeminal Neuropathy?

Trigeminal neuropathy, or trigeminal neuralgia, is an extremely painful condition characterized by disruption of the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensation to the face and scalp. The Mayo Clinic says trigeminal neuralgia affects women more often than men.

The Facts

The trigeminal nerve extends from the base of the brain, and has three main branches that supply different parts of the face. Neuralgia symptoms may occur in one or more of these branches.

Causes

The most common cause of trigeminal pain is direct contact between the trigeminal nerve and nearby arteries or veins, according to the Mayo Clinic. Other potential causes include age-related degeneration, tumors, multiple sclerosis and other disorders that damage the nerve's protective layer (myelin).

Symptoms

Trigeminal nerve pain is typically sudden and severe, and tends to affect one side of the face. Attacks are generally brief, but may recur repeatedly for as long as weeks or months.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Trigeminal neuralgia symptoms are similar to a number of other conditions, and diagnosis may be difficult. Treatment options include tricyclic anti-depressants, anti-convulsants, surgery, acupuncture, biofeedback and electrical nerve stimulation, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

Considerations

In some cases, the cause of trigeminal neuralgia can not be clearly determined.

References

• The Mayo Clinic
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - NINDS Shingles Information Page
• Beth Israel University Hospital

Resources

• The Mayo Clinic - Trigeminal Neuralgia