Definition of Rheostat
A rheostat circuit, a type of potentiometer, can be used to regulate the flow of electricity to a receiving device.
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Structure
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A rheostat is constructed from a long piece of wire, that comes to a tight coil on one end. Any conductive material can be used as long as there is a sharp change in resistance, or a tight sprial, over a short length of wire.
Ohm's Law
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Rheostats operate under the principle of Ohm's Law, which states the level of electrical output is inversely correlated to the level of resistance the current experiences in it's path. Rheostats add resistance to current, thus making it a means of controlling electrical output.
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Uses
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Rheostats are used in light dimmers to regulate electrical current to the bulb and control brightness. They are used in many small appliances like blenders and fans to control motor speed.
Competing Potentiometers
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Triacs, also known as silicon state rectifiers, have largely replaced rheostats in industrial uses due to increased reliability and energy efficiency. Transistors are widely replacing rheostats in light dimmers and small devices.
Maintenence
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Rheostats are not as reliable as other potentiometers because they tend to build up dirt or corrosion on the coil, destroying the circuit. For optimum functionality, rheostats must be kept clean and dry.
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