The Effect of Motivation on Academic Achievement

The proper type of motivation can improve academic success.

There are two types of motivation; each affecting academic achievement in a different way. Extrinsic motivation comes from the environment; while intrinsic motivation comes from within the student.

Extrinsic

Parental expectations, grades and tangible rewards, such as stickers or candy, are all extrinsic motivators.

Pros and Cons of Extrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic motivation is easy to produce and can increase achievement quickly. The disadvantage is that students often focus on the reward more than the academic achievement. Over time, students begin to expect the reward, and achievement can plummet if the reward is not increased.

Intrinsic

Curiosity, a belief that the subject is relevant to the student's life and a sense of accomplishment are all intrinsic motivators that drive academic achievement.

Pros and Cons of Intrinsic Motivation

Nurturing intrinsic motivation can take a long time and be slow to increase achievement. The methods needed to promote intrinsic achievement vary from student to student. The advantage of intrinsic motivation is that the increase in academic achievement is self-driven and lifelong.

Implications

Students who are not intrinsically motivated do not engage in learning and often perform poorly in school. Students who become intrinsically motivated during the elementary school years have a higher chance of success in the future.

Increasing Intrinsic Motivation

Foster confidence by focusing on achievements, rather than shortcomings. Point out meaningful applications of students' learning. Give students choices, such as different ways to show understanding of the content.

References

• Vanderbilt Center for Teaching : Motivating Students
• Journal of Instructional Psychology: The Effect of Motivation, Family Environment and Student Characteristics on Academic Achievement
• International Academy of Education: Motivation to Learn