Levels of Organization in Ecosystems

Ecosystems consist of all the living and non-living parts interacting in a given area. The ecosystem is studied at different levels ranging from the species level to the ecosystem level.

  1. Species

    • The species consists of a type of organism. These organisms may be plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, or protists. An example of a species would be an African lion (Panthera leo).

    Population

    • All the members of a species within a given area are termed the population. An example of a population would be a pride of African lions.

    Communities

    • A community is a group of populations which interact with each other. An example of a community would be the lions, zebras, grasses, bacteris, fungi, and other plants and animals living in a particular part of the African Savanna.

    Ecosystems

    • Ecosystems consist of all the living parts and non-living parts of a given area. This includes all the communities combined with the physical factors such as climate, water, and nutrients. The African Savanna is an example of an ecosystem.

    Biosphere

    • The biosphere is the Earth and all the ecosystems on it. Studies on the biosphere look at changes that affect multiple ecosystems and how the ecosystems of the Earth affect each other.

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