Why Is Aluminum Used for Aircraft Skin?
Aluminum has qualities that make it highly desirable for use in aircraft construction. It's very abundant and relatively cheap, light, strong and malleable and resists corrosion. Combining aluminum with other elements has produced new alloys that also make good aircraft skins.
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Weight and Strength
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Aluminum is lighter than copper, steel, brass and nickel. Its strength increases in lower temperatures, a quality that is useful for aircraft that fly at high altitudes.
Machinability
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Aluminum is easily machinable. You can turn, mill and bore it. It lends itself to many different finishes, all desirable characteristics in aircraft construction.
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Malleability
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You can cast aluminum in any form. You can roll, stamp, forge, hammer, rivet and weld it. You can also bond it with resin to make composite aircraft.
Corrosion-Resistance
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Anodized aluminum has a thicker coating that increases its strength and resistance to corrosion, protecting it from the weather and most chemicals other than alkaline substances.
Alloys
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There are a number of alloys that combine aluminum with elements such as copper, manganese, magnesium, silicon and chromium. The most common high-strength aluminum alloy, 2024-T3, contains copper, manganese, and aluminum. It is highly fatigue resistant and has a shiny finish, making it popular for aircraft skins, repair and restoration.
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