- Molecules of cholesterol are transported through the bloodstream by carrier molecules called lipoproteins. There are two types of cholesterol carriers, high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL).
- LDL cholesterol attaches itself to the arterial walls and gradually builds up until blood flow to and from the heart is greatly reduced. This can result in a heart attack. HDL cholesterol binds with LDL and carries it off to the liver to be removed from the body.
- High levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of heart disease and death, according to the American Heart Association. LDL cholesterol levels should be lower than 160 milligrams per deciliter of blood in healthy persons, and lower than 100 milligrams per deciliter of blood in persons at risk for heart disease.
- Higher levels of HDL cholesterol provide protection from the negative effects of LDL and are associated with reduced risk of heart disease. HDL levels should be no less than 40 milligrams per deciliter and ideally higher than 60 milligrams per deciliter.
- HDL and LDL cholesterol levels are identified by undergoing a cholesterol screening. When performing a cholesterol screening, a doctor will draw the patient's blood and have it analyzed in a lab.
- The sum of HDL and LDL levels is referred to as total cholesterol. The American Heart Association has established acceptable levels of total blood cholesterol for healthy persons. Normal total blood cholesterol is 200mg/dL or lower. A level of 240mg/dL and higher is considered high cholesterol.
