DNA Microarray Analysis

Atomic structure of DNA

DNA microarray analysis is a technique for studying the activity of different genes. It is used to study genetic diseases from cancer to mental illness.

Background on Genes

When a gene (a DNA instruction) is activated, the cell makes mirror image copies of it, called mRNA. The presence of mRNA means a gene is active, and the number of strands tells how active it is.

DNA Microarrays

A DNA microarray is a series of bits of DNA from specific genes arranged in a pattern on a surface such as glass. Microarrays are based on knowledge from the Human Genome Project, combined with modern genetics technology.

Analyzing DNA With Microarrays

A strand of mRNA will "stick" to its matching DNA sequence. Scientists put fluorescent tags on mRNA from a cell and then combine it with the microarray to see which DNA spots have mRNA stuck to them. In this way, they can determine which genes are active.

Microarray Expression Analysis

By measuring the amount of mRNA stuck to a DNA spot, scientists can determine how active a gene is, a technique called microarray expression analysis.

Practical Applications

Scientists study disease genes, gene mutations and other genetic changes with this technology.

References

• Microarrays: Chipping Away at the Mysteries of Science and Medicine -- National Center for Biotechnology Information
• DNA Microarray Technology -- National Human Genome Research Institute

Resources

• DNA Microarray Virtual Lab -- University of Utah