What Are the Treatments for Pemphigus?

The rare autoimmune skin condition called pemphigus produces blisters on the skin and mucous membranes--the genitals and the inside of the mouth. Cases range from mild to severe to fatal.

Types

The three subtypes are pemphigus: pemphigus vulgaris, the most common features painful, non-itching blisters in the mouth and on skin; pemphigus foliaceus, often painless with limited or no affect on mucous membranes; and paraneoplastic pemphigus, painful and may affect mucous membranes, skin, esophagus and lungs.

Pemphigus Vulgaris Treatment

Treatment usually involves taking oral corticosteroids, which help prevent death by inhibiting blistering and skin wounds. Immune suppressive drugs may also be prescribed and wound care is prioritized.

Pemphigus Foliaceus Treatment

Mild cases typically require only antibiotics and corticosteroids. In more serious cases, treatment is similar to the regimen for pemphigus vulgaris.

Paraneoplastic Pemphigus Treatment

Underlying cancer often causes paraneoplastic pemphigus. If the cancer is found and treated in time, the chance of survival increases. Otherwise, treatment involves caring for wounds, managing pain and preventing infections.

Considerations

Severe cases of pemphigus with widespread skin wounds can require hospitalization. Treatment, which focuses on pain relief and avoiding fatal secondary infections from open sores, may include anesthetic lozenges, intravenous feeding and intravenous fluids.

References

• DermNet NZ; Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
• DermNet NZ; Pemphigus Foliaceus
• DermNet NZ; Pemphigus Vulgaris

Resources

• Mayo Clinic; Pemphigus